Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s fifth-most populous country and has the world’s second-largest Muslim population. It has a predominately Indo-Iranian speaking population and is historically and culturally associated with its neighbors Iran, Afghanistan, and India. Pakistan is the site of several ancient cultures, including the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Balochistan, and the Indus Valley Civilization of the Bronze Age, the most extensive of the civilizations of the Old World.

The region that comprises the modern state of Pakistan was the realm of multiple empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid; briefly that of Alexander the Great; the Seleucid, the Maurya, the Kushan, the Gupta; the Umayyad Caliphate in its southern regions, the Hindu Shahi, the Ghaznavids, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals, the Durranis, the Sikh Empire, British East India Company rule, and the British Indian Empire from 1858 to 1947.

Resource:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan