Atlantic Coast of the Republic of Guinea
Baga

Wood, hide
Mid 20th Century
Length: 35.25 in, Diameter: 10.25 in
Membranophone – Struck (Directly) – Single Headed

This four tier caryatid drum is called a-ndef by the Baga Sitemu (one of the seven dialects of the Baga).  It was played by women in festivals of the Baga women’s association known as A-Tekan (ah-te-khan), who oversaw celebrating marriages. The bride had to dance every day for a week, carrying a basket on her head. Women were bearers in the Baga society, carrying a clay pot with water on their heads, or a basket full of food. The caryatid drum recalls such sights, which are very frequent in Baga society.  Apart from the marriage ceremonies, drums were also played in funerals and at ceremonies linked with initiation (see other a-ndef in collection). This drum shows a mother with child kneeling on a circular disc.  Above and supported by her head, are carved faces of four ancestors symbolizing her support of their traditional ways.  Above the ancestor faces is an open brace with incised geometric design and the drum with large wooden pegs holding the drumhead in place.  This a-ndef was carved from one piece of wood, and shows age and usage.