Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans.  Bosnia and Herzegovina borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest.  In the south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic Sea within the Mediterranean, which is about 12 miles long and surrounds the town of Neum.  Bosnia, which is the inland region of the country, has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters.  In the central and eastern regions of the country, the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and in the northeast, it is predominantly flat.  Herzegovina, which is the smaller, southern region of the country, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous.  Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city of the country.

The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two entities within the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Republika Srpska. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of 10 autonomous cantons with their own governments and legislatures. The Federation was created by the 1994 Washington Agreement, which ended the Croat–Bosniak War within the Bosnian War and established a constituent assembly that continued its work until October 1996.

The Federation has a capital, government, president, parliament, customs and police departments and two postal systems. It occupies about half of the land of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From 1996 until 2005 it had its own army, the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, later merged in the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina