Owner: HWMC
Catalog#: 2LA-AELV-6

Provenance:  Found/purchased by Barney G. Malone of Texas, between 1963-1970.  Malone owned a construction company during these dates in Campeche, Mexico where he acquired this Mixtec trumpet .  Certified provenance certificate and dates accompanied this item.

Lip Vibrated

Mixtec 'Shell' Trumpet - Mexico

Campeche, Mexico (possibly)
Mixtec

Queen Conch
ca. 700 CE to 1200 CE
Length: 15 in; Width: 8.75 in
Aerophones – Wind Instruments Proper – Lip Vibrated

A pre-Columbian ceremonial trumpet that is rare and a monumental artifact from one of Mesoamerica’s most sophisticated civilizations, the Mixtec society.  Its size, resonance, and cultural context markings reveal it as an object of prestige and ritual authority.  These trumpets were used in highly significant events such as transfers of power, calls to war, sacrificial ceremonies, and sacred ballgames.  This ceremonial trumpet is made from a Queen conch, a type of sea snail known for its distinct pink interior lip and large size.  It is embellished with carved exterior designs (codices) of deities and animals.  Also characteristic of the Mixtec shell trumpets are the traces of cinnabar (a red pigment). 

The Mixtec civilization was a pre-Columbian archaeological culture, who called themselves Ñuu savi (a name that their descendants still preserve), which means “people or nation of the rain”.  The historical territory of these people is the area known as La Mixteca (Ñuu Dzahui, in ancient Mixtec), a mountainous region of modern-day Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla in Mexico.

Historically, the Mixtec culture was structured into rival kingdoms with a hierarchical society of kings, nobility, and commoners.  They were also known as master artisans, and especially noted for their metalwork, jewelry, and codices.   

The codices were illustrated historical books that serve as a valuable source of information about their history, genealogy, and religious beliefs.  This writing system was a unique, partially deciphered logographic writing system.  Logographic writing system is where symbols, or logograms, represent entire words or morphemes as seen on this ancient Mixtec shell trumpet.

Today, the Mixtec are an indigenous group in Mexico, maintaining traditions of farming, weaving, and a combination of their traditional spiritual beliefs of animist (respect for the spirits of nature) with Catholicism, while also adapting to modern life and migration. 

Resource:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixtec

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