Mexico
Veracruz Culture

Pottery
 ca. 600-900 CE
Height 2.75 in, Length: 4.25 in
Aerophones – Wind Instruments Proper – Edge Blown Flutes

A Pre-Columbian whistle from the Gulf Coast of Mexico, Veracruz (Vera Cruz) culture, ca. 600-900 CE.   This hand-made buffware whistle depicts a disembodied head possibly of a supernatural deity.   There are distinct facial features such as the nose is truncated to a large extended tongue and chin.  The incised markings surrounding the face portray a wrinkled heavy skin texture.  A crown or collar extends around the head and there are several twisted ornamental coils, one on the forehead and one on both sides of the face.  Long earrings or extended ears also characterize the head of this possible supernatural deity.  In the back is an extended duct mouthpiece for blowing into the whistle.

A whistle is an aerophone belonging to the flute family and within that classification it is a type of ‘duct’ flute.  It is played by blowing air into a small duct (tube-like opening) which directs/channels the air to a sharp edge cut in the tube or on the side of the instrument, breaking the airflow into vortexes that spiral away from and into the instrument.  A characteristic of whistles and ocarinas in an agricultural society such as the Veracruz culture, is the use of clay for these instruments that were molded from a single material into either zoomorphic (animal forms), and anthropomorphic (human form). 

The role of the whistle in Mesoamerica is still being explored and documented.  The care that went into making this instrument suggests it may have been a virtual instrument for conjuring up the supernatural, for protection in their religion and cultural beliefs.  The Spanish colonists have noted the use of special shrines for musical wind instruments and the playing of ocarina-like whistles and flutes were used to announce ritual dancing and chanting.